extraordinary power. SiC is naturally related as hard but liable to break easily. It can

transfer SiC nano-thin film onto a soft substrate so used for stretchy energy delivery and

biosignal application in recent years.

12.2.2 Conducting Polymer-Based Materials for Bioelectronics

The conducting polymer contains a conjugated system that involves alternating single (σ)

and double (π) bonds. The double bond which is present in the conducting polymers

allows them for electron delocalization. The electronic conduction property has been

increased enormously. Therefore, the conductive polymers (CPs) have allowed direct

delivery of electrical, electrochemical, and electromechanical signals at the interface

concerning living systems with abiotic devices. Conventional inorganic semiconductors

have few limitations so to overcome these, research has focused on evolving unique

materials such as conducting polymer substrate for bioelectronics to increase electrical

performance. The conducting polymers like polyaniline (PANI), polypyrrole (PPy), and

polyacetylene are widely engaged polymers for electrical and antimicrobial applications.

An electrochemical biosensor has been developed using bacterial cellulose (BC) made up

of electron transferable polyvinylaniline/polyaniline (PVAN/PANI). The electrochemical

properties through BC/PVAN/PANI nanocomposites as a potent biosensor for in­

vestigation and detection of many biotic systems are shown in Figure 12.2 [22]. The

electron transporting and shielding property is attributed to the three-dimensional

junction-free polyaniline networks. The use of flexible PANI paper shows applications

in the shielding effect [23].

12.2.3 Carbon-Based Materials for Bioelectronics

Carbon-based nanomaterials, like graphene, graphene oxide (GO), and reduced gra­

phene oxide (rGO) added substantial consideration because of their optical, mechan­

ical, and electrical properties. Similar to the above, carbon-based materials carbon

nanotubes (CNTs) also show electrical and optical properties. Using carbon-based

bioelectronics it is possible to synthesize cheap, disposable, and low-cost sensing de­

vices. Organic or plant-based materials can be used in a platform for flexible devices.

Carbon nanotubes–based field-effect transistors (CNT-FETs) were reported by the

Dekker group at Delft University [24].

In addition to the above-mentioned materials, in the last decade a new family of 2D

materials, MXenes (transition metal 2D carbides, nitrides, or carbonitrides), have shown

prospective applications in bioelectronics. Recently, TiO2@MXene based nanosheet/PAA

hydrophilic polymer shows good non-aggregation, electron transportation, and flexible

nature [25]. During this synthesis, the author has grown in-situ nanoscale TiO2 on MXene

shells. This leads to overcoming the nanosheets restacking and ultrafast polymerization

without heating.

12.3 Methods Used for Fabrication of Bioelectronics

Due to the applicable physical, chemical, electronic and magnetic properties, nanos­

tructure materials have appealed their candidature in various industries. One of the most

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Bioelectronics